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发表于 2004-4-10 00:50:00
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<FONT size=7>写作的“七项基本原则”:</FONT><BR><FONT color=#ff0000>一、 长 短 句原则</FONT><BR>工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:<BR>As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.<BR>如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!<BR>强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。<BR><FONT color=#ff0000>二、 主 题 句原则</FONT><BR>国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!<BR>特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!<BR>To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.<BR><FONT color=#ff0000>三、 一 二 三原则</FONT><BR>领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。<BR>1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)<BR>2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)<BR>3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)<BR>4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)<BR>5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)<BR>6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)<BR>7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)<BR>8)most important of all, moreover, finally<BR>9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)<BR>10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)<BR>建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!<BR><FONT color=#ff0000>四、 短语优先原则</FONT><BR>写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:<BR>I cannot bear it.<BR>可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.<BR>I want it.<BR>可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.<BR>这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。<BR><FONT color=#ff0000>五、 多实少虚原则</FONT><BR>原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:<BR>走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room<BR>但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room<BR>小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room<BR>小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room<BR>老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room<BR>所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!<BR><FONT color=#ff0000>六、 多变句式原则<BR></FONT>1)加法(串联)<BR>都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:<BR>I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.<BR>如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:<BR>Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.<BR>其它的短语可以用:<BR>besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover<BR>2)转折(拐弯抹角)<BR>批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。<BR>The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.<BR>The coat was thin, but it was warm.<BR>更多的短语:<BR>despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding<BR>3)因果(so, so, so)<BR>昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!<BR>The snow began to fall, so we went home.<BR>更多短语:<BR>then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that<BR>4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)<BR>有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。<BR>举例:This is what I can do.<BR>Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.<BR>同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:<BR>When to go, Why he goes away…<BR>5)附加(多此一举)<BR>如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。<BR>The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.<BR>I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.<BR>Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.<BR>其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。<BR>6)排比(排山倒海句)<BR>文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!<BR>Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.<BR>Nowadays, energy can be obtained through <I>var</I>ious sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. <BR>We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)<BR>要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!<BR><FONT color=#f70909>七、 挑战极限原则<BR></FONT>既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!<BR>原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:<BR>The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.<BR>Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.<BR>如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!<BR>
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